Categorical Training Program

Categorical Internal Medicine Residency is a three-year program that provides a broad experience in inpatient and outpatient rotations. Our categorical program follows a 3+1 rotation format, during this time, residents have 3 weeks of inpatient rotations followed by a week-long clinic rotation.

Alongside our clinical training, the intense inpatient and outpatient teaching opportunities offered at BMC, affiliated community health centers and the VA remain the cornerstone of teaching and learning for our residents. In addition, we have a variety of formal teaching activities designed to enhance the learning that occurs during clinical rotations. These include: daily morning reports, daily noon conferences, monthly morbidity & mortality rounds, weekly department grand rounds, weekly clinical reasoning conferences, physical diagnosis rounds and “boot camps” in EBM, patient safety and physician-patient communication during the ambulatory weeks. Educational methods vary from short to long case discussions, interactive seminars, bedside rounds and didactic lectures.

The residency also provides a variety of point of care ultrasound training opportunities. Through a combination of simulation center experiences, diagnostic and procedure ultrasound electives, the POCUS pathway, and integration of ultrasound into critical care and inpatient clinical teams, the program strives for all residents to develop foundational skills in Internal Medicine POCUS.

Ambulatory Conferences

A sample conference schedule during the ambulatory week:

 

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri
7:45 – 8:30 AM Core Curriculum GIM Grand Rounds Core Curriculum Case Conference
9:00 – 12:00 PM Intern Report


Ambulatory Core Curriculum sessions 
are held twice a week led by the ambulatory chief resident and faculty. We have selected key topics from the Yale ambulatory curriculum as the core curriculum across the year. 2 topics are covered each week repeated every week for 4 weeks (different resident cohorts on weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 of a four week block) so that all residents receive education on the same topics. The educational method is a combination of case discussion and didactics.

Ambulatory Case Conferences are held weekly throughout the year. Residents attend these sessions during their clinic weeks (every 4th week in the 3+1 system). This conference is led by the ambulatory chief resident along with faculty discussants.  Discussions focus on outpatient topics and issues that relate to ambulatory care and case presentations are the principal format used.

General Internal Medicine Grand Rounds are held weekly on Wednesday mornings as the primary Department teaching conference for all faculty and house staff.  The sessions include clinical problem solving exercises of challenging cases, outpatient morbidity and mortality conferences, and recent developments in medical research.

Academic half days are Friday mornings during the ambulatory week are dedicated educational half days. Typically, the morning starts with a sub-specialty conference followed by an academic seminar. The seminar is then followed by the Department of Medicine Grand Rounds. Areas covered in the academic seminars include EBM, Patient safety and Quality Improvement, Physician-Patient communication and Physical Diagnosis. These seminars are interactive, taught by experts in the various fields and allow for skills practice.

Inpatient conferences

A sample weekly conference schedule:

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri
7:00 – 8:00 AM Morning Report
12:00 – 1:00 PM Noon Conference Intern Report & Resident Journal Club/Board Review C-REX Noon Conference Department Medicine Grand Rounds
2:00 – 3:00 PM Intern Report
1:00 – 4:00 PM Teaching Rounds (Varies by Team)

Resident Reports are held daily from 7:00 to 8:00 am.  These are conferences led by the chief residents with a focus on diagnosis and management of patients actively being cared for on the medical service.  Residents present cases to the chief resident and a faculty discussant with the goal of promoting in-depth interactive discussions of clinical data and reasoning, diagnosis and management. Cases may be newly admitted patients or recently admitted complex or interesting patients. Based on the case being presented, clinical questions are generated and evidence supporting diagnostic strategies and management decisions are presented.

Ward Rounds are held from 8:00 to 10:30 am. Formal teaching rounds led by the team attending occur most afternoons during inpatient rotations. At BMC, the service attending is also the teaching attending and we believe this congruence is of great value in providing high quality clinical education in the setting of direct patient care. The learning during these sessions focuses on real time diagnostic and management issues surrounding patients currently admitted to the team. Periodic bedside teaching is strongly encouraged dedicated to clinical skills teaching.

Department of Medicine Grand Rounds are the primary Department teaching conference for all faculty and house staff, Department of Medicine Grand Rounds are held weekly on Fridays between noon and 1 pm. The grand rounds are presented by invited experts who are national leaders in their respective fields from within and outside the institution. The sessions include clinical problem solving exercises of challenging cases, recent developments in medical research and occasionally new developments and mandates in medical education.

C-REX (Clinical reasoning exercises) is our weekly conference, Clinical Reasoning Exercise (CREX), is an opportunity for house officers and attending staff to polish and refine their skills in developing diagnostic and management strategies based on bedside clinical observations and sound reasoning. Complex, challenging cases will be presented and discussed in a manner which allows the group to draw clinical inferences, to develop testable hypotheses, and to interact in a safe and collegial environment. The focus is more on how we think than on what we know, and we look to master clinicians from Medicine and other disciplines to help us understand the process of clinical reasoning.

Noon Conferences are held on Mondays and Thursdays from 12 noon to 1 pm. BUSM / BMC faculty, with expertise in specific areas, present topics which form the core curriculum of mainly inpatient medicine typically in didactic format. These topics cover all commonly encountered diseases and problems on the medical service, medical consult service, units and emergency department. Lunch is provided for house staff.

Morbidity & Mortality conferences have been long held on the last Wednesday of each month presented by a chief resident. The focus is on cases with unexpected adverse outcomes; both clinical and systems errors are discussed. The forum provides a safe environment for house staff and faculty to learn from diagnostic and therapeutic errors. It is attended by housestaff, faculty including those with leadership roles in QI and safety, pathologists, pharmacists, nursing leadership are invited as appropriate. The conference concludes with take home points and discussion of strategies to rectify avoidable errors in the future.

Intern Conferences are held twice weekly on Tuesday between 12 pm and 1 pm and Friday in place of resident report. This is a protected (i.e. beeper-free) conference for interns only. Tuesday Intern Conference is a large group session which typically is a didactic session on core medicine topics.  However, teaching formats can vary with case presentations, discussion of hospital systems, discussion of patient safety and quality issues, review of common diagnostic tests, physical diagnosis etc. Friday Intern Report is a new small group, case-based discussion which is meant to enhance interns’ ability to reason through complex cases.

Resident Board Review Sessions and Journal Clubs alternate every Tuesday between 12 noon and 1 pm. Junior and senior residents present articles at journal clubs from recent literature to their peers and a faculty discussant. The goals include both critical appraisal of study methodology, results and relevance to patient care. Landmark trials may also be reviewed at these session with a focus on promoting knowledge of these trials rather than detailed appraisal of study method. Faculty experts in EBM facilitate these discussions. Board review sessions are presented by chief residents with faculty experts present to review sample Internal Medicine board questions. Lunch is provided.

Research, Scholarship and Career development dinners are held 5-6 times a year. These focus on fellowship choices, application and interviewing with presentations by chief residents and fellowship directors; research and scholarship showcasing the many types of research opportunities within the department presented by the Department Chairman and several outstanding clinical investigator faculty; career opportunities as generalists or specialists facilitated by a variety of faculty with different career tracks.

Town meetings are held quarterly instead of the noon conference. These are attended by house staff, chief residents and program directors. Examples of topics discussed include: changes in clinical rotations or call structure, discussion of evaluations, electronic medical records, brainstorming around the residency curriculum and teaching sessions etc.