{"id":17,"date":"2007-06-01T16:38:03","date_gmt":"2007-06-01T20:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/sleep\/an-evolutionary-psychology-of-sleep-and-dreams\/"},"modified":"2011-01-08T12:35:17","modified_gmt":"2011-01-08T17:35:17","slug":"an-evolutionary-psychology-of-sleep-and-dreams","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/sleep\/an-evolutionary-psychology-of-sleep-and-dreams\/","title":{"rendered":"An Evolutionary Psychology of Sleep and Dreams"},"content":{"rendered":"
By Patrick McNamara<\/div>\n

In this work, Dr. McNamara reviews evolutionary psychology approaches to REM sleep and dreams and argues for the relevance of genetic conflict to REM sleep physiology and dreams. A book review of An Evolutionary Psychology of Sleep and Dreams<\/cite> is available at Praeger Press<\/a>. Below is the table of contents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Chapter 1. REM Biology and Evolutionary Theory<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Properties<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The REM NREM Cycle<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM-On and REM-Off Cellular Networks<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Selective Cerebral Activation in REM<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Dream Content<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PGO Waves<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Activation of the Amygdala in REM<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Sleep and Automatic Nervous System Storms<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Sleep and the Cardiovascular System<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Related Respiratory Changes<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Related Lapse in Thermoregulation<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Related Motor Paralysis<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Penile Erections<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Muscle Twitching<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Interactions With NREM in Control of Growth Hormone Release<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Interim Summary: REM Properties as Injurious to Health<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Sleep and Mortality<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Properties and REM Functions<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Intragenomic Conflict<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Costly Signaling Theory<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Game Theory Modeling of Costly Signaling<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapter 2. Patterns of REM Expression Across the Life Span<\/strong><\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sleep in Infancy and Early Childhood<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sleep Need and Biologic Rhythmicity<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fetal Sleep<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Emergence of REM and NREM<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Evolutionary Theory I: Sex Ratio Determination<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Evolutionary Theory II: Pregnancy and Genetic Conflict<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Evolutionary Theory III: Parent-Offspring Conflict<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Evolutionary Theory IV: Life History Theory<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Evolutionary Theory V: Attachment Theory and Ecologically Contingent Behavioral Strategies<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Sleep and Unconscious Appraisals of Ecologic Context<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Impact of Developmental Sleep on Adult Functioning<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM in Promotion of Brain Development<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Costly Signaling in Mother-Infant Relations<\/td>\n34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM and Cosleeping<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nursing and Sleep States<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sleep and Dreams in Childhood<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sleep and Dreams in the Teenage Years<\/td>\n42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM and Sexual Functions in the Adult<\/td>\n44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sleep and Dreams in the Elderly<\/td>\n48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapter 3. Phylogeny of Sleep<\/strong><\/td>\n49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Definition of Sleep<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Methodologic Issues in the Study of Comparative Sleep<\/td>\n51<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Findings of Previous Comparative Analyses of REM and NREM in Mammals<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Effects of Social Conflict on Sleep Sites<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yawning<\/td>\n59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep Varies Across Taxa and Indicates That it Has an Adaptive Function<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hibernation and Torpor<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Survey of Findings on the Electrophysiologic Features of Sleep in Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals<\/td>\n61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Conclusion<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapter 4. REM-NREM Signaling and Interactions<\/strong><\/td>\n68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Physiologic Interactions of REM and NREM<\/td>\n69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Antagonistic Cellular Interactions in Regulation of REM<\/td>\n69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Endocrine Interactions in REM and NREM<\/td>\n71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Memory Processing Depends on NREM-REM Interactions<\/td>\n72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM-NREM Interactions and Emotional Processing<\/td>\n73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM-NREM Interactions as Signaling Systems<\/td>\n76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hockett\u2019s Criteria and Dream Elements<\/td>\n76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Modeling Potential Interactions<\/td>\n78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapter 5. REM Sleep and Genetic Conflict<\/strong><\/td>\n81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genes and Sleep<\/td>\n81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genetic Conflict<\/td>\n84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Effects of Imprinted Genes on Physiologic Systems Implicated in Growth<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Effects of Imprinted Genes on Functional Brain Systems That Have Been Directly Implicated In Sleep Processes<\/td>\n86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genomic Imprinting and Sleep State Biology<\/td>\n86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Imprinting Clusters and Control Centers<\/td>\n87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The 5HT2A Receptor<\/td>\n91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Summary<\/td>\n91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapter 6. Theories of REM<\/strong><\/td>\n94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Restorative Theory<\/td>\n94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Energy Conservation Theory<\/td>\n96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Memory Consolidation<\/td>\n98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Synaptic Stabilization<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Functions to Promote Brain Development<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Functions in Interaction With NREM to Eliminate Parasitic Infection and Regulate Selected Immune System Functions<\/td>\n101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Modulates Expression of Innate or Inherited Behaviors<\/td>\n101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Regulates Expressions of Emotion and\/or Emotional Balance<\/td>\n101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapter 7. Phenomenology of REM Dreams<\/strong><\/td>\n103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dissociation of REM and Dreaming Does Not Mean That REM Expression Excludes Dreaming<\/td>\n103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cognition During Sleep<\/td>\n104<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Formal Properties of Dreams<\/td>\n105<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Play, Pretense, and Imagination in Dream Phenomenology<\/td>\n109<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proteanism<\/td>\n113<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Narrative<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Narrative Self in Dreams<\/td>\n116<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Metaphor<\/td>\n118<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Self-Reflectiveness in Dreams<\/td>\n119<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Suspension of Disbelief in Dreams<\/td>\n119<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mind Reading in Dreams<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Summary<\/td>\n122<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapter 8. Content of REM Dreams<\/strong><\/td>\n124<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Isolation of the Dreaming Mind<\/td>\n124<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM Dreams as Simulations of Waking Life<\/td>\n125<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Methods of Studying Dream Content<\/td>\n126<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Typical Dream Content<\/td>\n127<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REM- Related Disorders<\/td>\n135<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapter 9. Theories of REM Dreams<\/strong><\/td>\n141<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Early Hypotheses of REM Dreams<\/td>\n141<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cognitive Theories<\/td>\n142<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
More Recent Theories<\/td>\n144<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Emotional Processing Functions<\/td>\n145<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
History of the Theory of the Dream as Serving Emotional Expression<\/td>\n146<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Current Neurocognitive Theories of the Dream<\/td>\n149<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapter 10. Understanding REM<\/strong><\/td>\n159<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
References<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n167<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Index<\/td>\n189<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Patrick McNamara In this work, Dr. McNamara reviews evolutionary psychology approaches to REM sleep and dreams and argues for the relevance of genetic conflict to REM sleep physiology and dreams. A book review of An Evolutionary Psychology of Sleep and Dreams is available at Praeger Press. Below is the table of contents. Chapter 1. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":6,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":894,"href":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions\/894"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bumc.bu.edu\/len\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}