Supervision and instruction at all levels of the surgical graduate training program are provided by the full- and part-time members of the surgical attending staff. Supervision includes problem-oriented conferences on surgical floors, bedside rounds, and direct assistance in the operating room. Although independent decision-making is encouraged, no operation is performed without faculty participation. Full-time staff members assigned to the surgical services at Boston Medical Center and the Boston VA Medical Center are available at any time for informal consultation and to provide assistance with career planning.